GENERAL

KRISHNA DISTRICT AT A GLANCE.

INTRODUCTION:
Krishna District is one of the agriculturally productive coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh. The district with its Head Quarters at Machilipatnam formerly called Machilipatnam district and later renamed in the year 1859 as Krishna District after holy River Krishna.

LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES:
Krishna District is located on the east coast of India between 15 °-43’N latitude and 17° 10’N. Latitude and between 80° E. longitude and 81°33’E. Longitude, covering an area of about 8,727 Sq.Km. It accounts for 3.17% of the total geographical area of the State. The district is surrounded in the Eastern & Southern side by the Bay of Bengal, Guntur and Nalagonda on the western and Khammam  & West Godavari district on the northern side.      The only major river in the district is Krishna, Other riverlets include Muneru, Tammileru and Budameru.Besides there are some hill streams like Jayanthi, Kattaleru, Ippalavagu, Upputeru, Paleru, Ballaleru, Nidimiyeru etc. This district shares with the West Godavari district one of the large fresh waterlakes on the east coast, namely, Kolleru.


DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES:
          The total population of the district is 42.18 lakhs with a literacy percent of 73.78, 66.28% of the total population with working population out of which 29.63% is under Agricultural Sector. The scheduled Caste population share in the district is 16.57 and scheduled tribe is 2.48%

LAND UTILISATION

Area in lakh Hect
1
Geographical area
8.73
2
Area under Forests
0.76
3
Barren and uncultivable Land
0.38
4
Land put to non Agricultural use
1.45
5
Culturable waste
0.27
6
Permanent pasteures and other grazing lands 
0.10
7
Land under Misc. tree crops & groves
0.09
8
Area under Fish & Prawn culture
0.328
9
Current Fallow lands
0.28
10
Other Fallow lands
0.27
11
Net area sown
4.76
12
Area sown more than once
2.61
13
Total cropped area
7.37
14
Net area irrigated
3.44
15
Area irrigated more than once
2.02
16
Gross area irrigated
4.38
17
Percentage of net area sown to Geographical area
54.52
NATURAL RESOURCES:
CLIMATE
                    The district falls under tropical climatic zone and experiences extreme hot Summer and severe Winter. Summer temperatures raise even upto 500C and while cold waves in the uplands of the district as low temperatures as 80C.  Normal Rainfall of the district 1034 mm and 67 %  (686 mm) of this is received through South – West monsoon, 24 % (250 mm) is contributed by North  - East monsoon, while remaining 9 % (98 mm) is shared by Winter and Summer showers.

                    Frequent cyclones of different intensities and tidal Storms are natural calamities affecting the central tracts of Krishna particularly causing deterioration of ground water quality in the coastal aquifers.

IRRIGATION SOURCES:
                        Krishna is the major river irrigating the district and Muniyeru, Tammileru, Budameru and Paleru are the main riverlets. Muniyeru is the chief tributory to River Krishna, having its birth from Pakala tank in Warangal district as a waste-wier. It flows from North to South touching the district border from Vatsavai Mandal and joins Krishna River in Kanchikacherla Mandal.

                    Budameru is a hill-stream running through Mylavaram, G. Konduru, Vijayawada, Gannavaram, Unguturu, Nandivada, Mandavalli and Kaikaluru mandals and falls in Kolleru Lake.

                    Tammileru is a small stream flows through Nuzvid and Bapulapadu mandals and joins Kolleru, Paleru is another stream flowing through the Western border of the district adjoining Vatsavai and Jaggaiahpet mandals. Check dams were constructed across these rivulets for creating irrigation facilities to these mandals.

                    Sir Aurthor Cotton got constructed an anicut across Krishna River about 200 years ago at Vijayawada and the same was replaced with the present Prakasam Barrage 50 years ago. The district gets irrigation water through major canals on the left side of the river course. Krishna Delta is mainly divided into Krishna Central division and Krishna Eastern division.
                    Upland mandals in the district are irrigated by the waters of N.S.P. left canals, minor irrigation tanks, lift irrigation schemes, Bore Tube Filter Points, Wells and small supply channels.

DRAINAGE
                    Krishna is the major river while Muniyeru, Tammileru and Paleru are the chief riverlets to it. Budameru   is  another hill stream to  start and flows through several mandals viz..,  Mylavaram, G. Konduru, Vijayawada, Gannavaram, Unguturu, Nandiwada, Mandavalli and Kaikaluru and falls in Kolleru causing vital submersion of standing rice crop under heavy rainfall situation during monsoon, and all most drying in summer. With the construction of check dams, the riverlets Muniyeru, Paleru, Budameru and Tammileru are providing depression of about 150 sq.miles in area lies in Northern parts of Kaikaluru and Kalidindi mandals of the district, acting as a reservoir for drainage water of the surrounding delta areas, during the monsoon and almost dries up in summer.
                    The important streams of drainage in the district include Budameru, Kattaleru, Paleru, Tammileru, Ramileru etc. Based on the physiography and drainage, the district area can be divided into various basins viz., Budameru, Muniyeru, Kattaleru, Ramileru, Paleru  in the upland. The delta area is drained by network of Krishna canals and minor local drains.


AGRO CLIMATE IN THE DISTRICT:

                    The Agricultural season commences with the onset of South-West monsoon mostly during 2nd week of June every year. The district is divided in to 4 Revenue Divisions i.e. 1. Machilipatnam, 2. Vijayawada, 3.Gudiwada & 4. Nuzvid. The Agro climatic conditions are different in four divisions of the district. Machilipatnam and Gudiwada are located in high rainfall zone covered under K.E. Canal irrigation, Vijayawada and Nuzvid divisions are located in moderate rainfall zone covered under Krishna Eastern Canal and Nagarjune Sagar Project.




KRISHNA DISTRICT DATA
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